Clinical evidence, distilled.

Simvastatin cut all-cause mortality in patients with coronary disease, the first trial to prove statins save lives.

In high-risk T2DM, targeting near-normal A1c increased mortality and did not reduce major CV events enough to justify the strategy.

Zidovudine dramatically reduced mother-to-infant HIV transmission.

Early cisatracurium improved adjusted survival in severe early ARDS in ACURASYS.

In older high-risk AF patients, rhythm control did not improve survival compared with rate control.

FFRangio-guided PCI decisions were noninferior to pressure-wire physiology for 1-year MACE in intermediate coronary stenoses.

Chlorthalidone was at least as good as amlodipine or lisinopril for major CHD outcomes and better for several HF/stroke-related outcomes.

Apixaban was noninferior to enoxaparin/warfarin for acute VTE treatment and caused less major bleeding.

Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone reduced 90-day mortality in severe septic shock.

Low tidal-volume ventilation reduced mortality in acute lung injury/ARDS.

Apixaban beat warfarin for stroke prevention with less major bleeding and lower mortality in atrial fibrillation.

Elective induction at 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparous patients did not worsen perinatal outcomes and reduced cesarean delivery.

Aspirin started early reduced preterm preeclampsia in screened high-risk pregnancies.

Apixaban beat aspirin for stroke prevention in AF patients unsuitable for warfarin.

In AF patients interrupting warfarin for procedures, forgoing LMWH bridging was noninferior for arterial thromboembolism and reduced major bleeding.

AF ablation did not significantly reduce the primary composite versus drug therapy by intention-to-treat.

Suppressing post-MI ventricular ectopy with class IC drugs increased mortality.

Most antipsychotics had high discontinuation rates; olanzapine lasted longer but caused more metabolic effects.

In minor stroke/TIA treated within 24 hours, 21 days of aspirin plus 90 days of clopidogrel reduced recurrent stroke without increasing hemorrhage in the Chinese trial population.

Treating mild chronic hypertension in pregnancy to <140/90 improved pregnancy outcomes without increasing small-for-gestational-age births.

In selected HFrEF with severe secondary MR despite optimized GDMT, MitraClip reduced HF hospitalizations and mortality.

Antibiotics were noninferior to appendectomy for 30-day health status in appendicitis.

In stable CAD/PAD, vascular-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin reduced CV death, stroke, or MI but increased major bleeding.

After culprit PCI for stable STEMI with multivessel CAD, staged complete revascularization reduced CV death or MI.

Hydrocortisone hastened shock reversal but did not improve survival in CORTICUS.

In stable CAD, adding PCI to optimal medical therapy did not reduce death or MI compared with medical therapy alone.

Early tranexamic acid reduced death due to bleeding in trauma patients with significant hemorrhage, especially when given within 3 hours.

Canagliflozin reduced kidney failure and cardiovascular events in T2DM with albuminuric CKD.

In MI with cardiogenic shock, culprit-only PCI beat immediate multivessel PCI for death or renal failure.

In NSTE-ACS, adding clopidogrel to aspirin reduced CV death, MI, or stroke but increased bleeding.

Dapagliflozin reduced CKD progression and death in albuminuric CKD with or without diabetes.

Dapagliflozin reduced worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death in HFrEF, with or without diabetes.

In selected LVO stroke patients 6-24 hours from last known well, thrombectomy improved functional independence when clinical-core mismatch was present.

Low-dose digoxin did not significantly reduce total worsening HF events or CV death in contemporary HFrEF/HFmrEF care.

In imaging-selected anterior-circulation LVO stroke 6-16 hours from last known well, thrombectomy improved functional outcomes.

Dapagliflozin reduced worsening HF or CV death in HF with mildly reduced or preserved EF.

In high-risk adults with impaired glucose regulation, intensive lifestyle intervention prevented diabetes more effectively than metformin.

Digoxin reduced HF hospitalizations but did not improve survival in heart failure.

In recent AF with cardiovascular conditions, early rhythm control reduced major cardiovascular outcomes versus usual care.

Empagliflozin reduced kidney disease progression or CV death across a broad CKD population.

Empagliflozin reduced CV death, all-cause mortality, and HF hospitalization in T2DM with established cardiovascular disease.

Empagliflozin reduced CV death or HF hospitalization in HFpEF, mainly through fewer HF hospitalizations.

Empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death or heart-failure hospitalization in symptomatic HFrEF, with or without diabetes.

Eplerenone improved outcomes in mildly symptomatic HFrEF, extending MRA benefit beyond severe HF.

European PSA screening reduced prostate-cancer mortality but caused substantial overdiagnosis.

Tolvaptan improved short-term dyspnea and weight but not long-term mortality or HF morbidity.

In multivessel CAD undergoing PCI, FFR-guided PCI used fewer stents and reduced 1-year MACE versus angiography-guided PCI.

In stable CAD with FFR-positive lesions, PCI plus medical therapy reduced urgent revascularization more than death or MI.

In resource-limited African hospitals, fluid boluses increased mortality in children with severe infection and impaired perfusion.

In established ASCVD on statins, evolocumab lowered LDL to very low levels and reduced cardiovascular events.

Adjuvant trastuzumab improved disease-free survival in HER2-positive early breast cancer.

Ramipril reduced major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients without heart failure.

Early ART in HIV-positive partners dramatically reduced linked HIV transmission to uninfected partners.

After ACS, adding ezetimibe to simvastatin modestly reduced cardiovascular events compared with simvastatin alone.

In stable CAD with moderate/severe ischemia, an initial invasive strategy did not reduce major ischemic events or death versus conservative therapy over the primary follow-up.

In acute MI, aspirin and streptokinase each reduced early vascular mortality, with additive benefit together.

Rosuvastatin reduced first cardiovascular events in adults with normal LDL but elevated hsCRP.

Liraglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in high-risk T2DM.

In prior MI with LVEF <=30%, prophylactic ICD implantation reduced all-cause mortality versus conventional therapy.

Magnesium sulfate roughly halved eclampsia risk in women with preeclampsia.

Metoprolol succinate reduced mortality in stable symptomatic HFrEF.

Endovascular therapy improved functional outcome in anterior-circulation large-vessel stroke treated within 6 hours.

Multifactor risk counseling improved risk factors but did not significantly reduce CHD mortality overall.

IV alteplase within 3 hours improved functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke despite increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Low-dose CT screening reduced lung-cancer mortality in high-risk smokers.

Alirocumab reduced recurrent ischemic events after recent ACS on statin therapy.

For complex bone and joint infections, early oral antibiotic therapy was noninferior to prolonged IV therapy during the first 6 weeks.

Sacubitril/valsartan beat enalapril for cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization in HFrEF.

In inoperable severe symptomatic AS, TAVR reduced 1-year mortality versus standard therapy but increased vascular complications and stroke.

A standardized DOAC interruption/resumption strategy without heparin bridging produced low rates of major bleeding and arterial thromboembolism.

Ticagrelor beat clopidogrel for cardiovascular events in ACS, including lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Organized PSA/DRE screening did not reduce prostate-cancer mortality in PLCO.

In minor stroke/high-risk TIA, clopidogrel plus aspirin reduced major ischemic events but increased major hemorrhage.

Perioperative metoprolol reduced MI but increased stroke and death when started right before surgery.

Perioperative aspirin and clonidine did not prevent death or MI; aspirin increased bleeding.

In ICD patients with potassium ≤4.3 mmol/L, targeting 4.5-5.0 reduced arrhythmia, hospitalization, or death versus standard care.

Intra-arterial prourokinase improved outcomes in MCA stroke but increased symptomatic ICH.

In modern early septic shock care, protocol-based EGDT did not improve mortality versus usual care.

Early prolonged prone positioning markedly reduced mortality in severe ARDS.

In severe HFrEF, spironolactone reduced mortality and HF hospitalizations when added to standard therapy.

Rituximab was noninferior to cyclophosphamide for remission induction in severe ANCA vasculitis.

Dabigatran provided effective stroke prevention in AF: 150 mg BID reduced stroke/systemic embolism versus warfarin, while 110 mg BID had less major bleeding with similar efficacy.

Dexamethasone reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen or mechanical ventilation, but not in those without oxygen requirement.

In statin-treated high-risk patients with elevated triglycerides, icosapent ethyl reduced major ischemic events.

Losartan slowed kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

Pitavastatin reduced major cardiovascular events in adults with HIV at low-to-moderate traditional risk.

Single-center early goal-directed therapy reduced mortality in severe sepsis/septic shock versus then-usual care.

Rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for stroke prevention in higher-risk nonvalvular AF.

Routine early paralysis did not improve mortality versus lighter sedation in moderate-severe ARDS.

In NYHA II-III HFrEF, ICD therapy reduced mortality while amiodarone did not.

In overweight/obesity with established CVD but no diabetes, semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced major adverse cardiovascular events.

Early revascularization improved longer-term survival in MI complicated by cardiogenic shock.

In ICU patients, balanced crystalloids modestly reduced major adverse kidney events compared with saline.

Enalapril reduced mortality in symptomatic HFrEF.

Combination infliximab plus azathioprine induced more steroid-free remission in Crohn disease.

In high-risk non-diabetic adults, targeting SBP <120 mm Hg reduced major CV events and mortality versus <140 mm Hg, at the cost of more adverse events.

After SSRI failure, switching to another antidepressant produced modest remission with no clear winner.

Immediate ART in asymptomatic HIV with CD4 >500 reduced serious AIDS-related and non-AIDS events compared with deferred therapy.

In ischemic cardiomyopathy with EF <=35% and CABG-amenable CAD, CABG plus medical therapy reduced 10-year mortality versus medical therapy alone.

After adequate source control for complicated intra-abdominal infection, about 4 days of antibiotics was similar to longer therapy.

High-dose EPA/DHA omega-3 carboxylic acids did not reduce cardiovascular events.

A restrictive RBC transfusion strategy was at least as effective as a liberal strategy in critically ill patients and may be better in less severely ill/younger patients.

After out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeting 33 degrees C did not improve outcomes compared with 36 degrees C when fever was actively prevented.

In newly diagnosed T2DM, intensive glycemic control reduced microvascular complications, with less immediate effect on macrovascular outcomes.

In acute upper GI bleeding, restrictive transfusion at Hb <7 g/dL improved survival compared with a liberal Hb <9 g/dL strategy.

Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin reduced limb and cardiovascular events after PAD revascularization.

MRI-selected alteplase improved functional outcome in stroke with unknown onset time.

Combined estrogen-progestin therapy increased breast cancer, CHD, stroke, and VTE risk despite fewer fractures and colorectal cancers.